Exploring Teachers' Narratives in School-Based Management Implementation and its Impact on Teaching and Learning
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.67903/ijroms0357Keywords:
Curriculum Implementation, Educational Leadership, Learner Outcomes, School-Based management, Teacher ParticipationAbstract
This study explored teachers’ narratives in the implementation of School-Based Management (SBM) and its impact on teaching and learning at Sierra Bullones Central Elementary School. It aimed to describe teachers’ experiences in planning and decision-making, identify challenges encountered, examine strategies used to address these challenges, and assess teachers’ perceptions of SBM implementation in terms of curriculum and instructional practices, accountability and learner outcomes, and leadership and school governance. An embedded mixed-methods design was employed, integrating qualitative and quantitative approaches. Fifteen (15) teachers were selected through purposive sampling. Qualitative data were gathered through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using Colaizzi’s 7-step phenomenological method. Quantitative data were collected using the DepEd SBM Assessment Tool and analyzed using descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation. Findings revealed that teachers’ participation in SBM was collaborative, meaningful, and engaging, although limited by time constraints and workload demands. Teachers demonstrated adaptability by applying strategies such as time management, teamwork, and flexibility in implementing SBM activities. They positively perceived SBM implementation, particularly in accountability and learner outcomes, as well as leadership and school governance, while curriculum and instructional practices showed consistent implementation with areas for improvement. The study concluded that SBM was effectively implemented, promoting a participatory, learner-centered, and collaborative school environment. However, continuous support is needed to address challenges related to time, resources, and stakeholder engagement. It is recommended that teachers enhance collaboration and innovation, administrators strengthen support and transparency, and the division provide training and monitoring.
References
Afriyanti, A., Gede Mulawarman, W., Dwiyono, Y., Komariyah, L., Haryaka, U., & Akhmad, A. (2025). Implementation of School-Based Management for Improving the Quality of Education at Linggang Bigung Public Senior High School. Borneo Educational Journal (Borju), 7(2), 621–635. https://doi.org/10.24903/bej.v7i2.2047
Amisola, N., & Leonor, J. (2024). School-based management practice: Basis for a continuous quality improvement program among schools in Negros Occidental. Journal of Higher Education Research, 12(Special), 88–127. https://doi.org/10.70228/pfree2024009jher
Ang, J. V., Adlit, M. F., Docdoc, V. A., Comeros, J. S., & Lagnason Pacheco, L. (2025). School based management implementation and educational outcomes in Philippine public schools: An explanatory sequential inquiry. Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology, 9(4), 2625–2644. https://doi.org/10.55214/25768484.v9i4.6611
Baluyot, L. C. (2025). Challenges in the Implementation of School-Based Management in the Division of Northern Samar. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, IX(VII), 1389–1398. https://doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2025.907000115
Bandur, A., Hamsal, M., & Furinto, A. (2021). 21st Century experiences in the development of school-based management policy and practices in Indonesia. Educational Research for Policy and Practice, 21, 85-107. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10671-021-09293-x
Patrinos, H. A., Barrera-Osorio, F., & Fasih, T. (2009). Decentralized Decision-Making in Schools (, Ed.). The World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-0-8213-7969-1
Caluag, M. L., Diego, M. S., & Fajardo, M. C. (2025). Implementation of School-based Management Program: Basis for Localized Policy Formulation. Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies, 51(7), 1107–1114. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajess/2025/v51i72195
Caro, O. J. G., Militante, B. T., Jr., & Cornillez, E. E. C., Jr. (2023). Challenges met by stakeholders in the implementation of School-Based Management during a global educational crisis: A convergent parallel study. MXSDME. https://doi.org/10.61569/mxsdme82
Colaizzi, P.F. (1978). Psychological Research as the Phenomenologist Views It. In: Valle, R.S. and Mark, K., Eds., Existential Phenomenological Alternatives for Psychology, Oxford University Press, New York, 48-71.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior. New York: Plenum Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2271-7
Ela, A., & Bambang, I. (2023). School-Based Management: Participation in improving the quality of education. Jurnal Imiah Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran, 7(1), 93–102. https://doi.org/10.23887/jipp.v7i1.58286
Febrero, C. R. (2025). Exploring the challenges and strategies in overcoming School-Based Management (SBM) implementation standards and policies. International Journal of Research and Publication, 6(4). https://ijrpr.com/uploads/V6ISSUE4/IJRPR42855.pdf
Fiedler, F. E. (1964). A contingency model of leadership effectiveness. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 149–190). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60051-9
Gavin, M., & Stacey, M. (2022). Enacting autonomy reform in schools: The re-shaping of roles and relationships under Local Schools, Local Decisions. Journal of Educational Change, 24(2), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10833-022-09455-5
Hardiansyah, F. (2022). The Implementation of School-Based Management in Improving Quality of Education in Primary School. Kelola: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan, 9(2), 148–162. https://doi.org/10.24246/j.jk.2022.v9.i2.p148-162
Heifetz, R.A. (1994) Leadership without Easy Answers. The Bel Knap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
Hunpayon, S., Kaewkumkong, A., & Jaiborisudhi, W. (2020). Decentralization in education from policy to practice: A comparative study of educational institutions supervised by local administrations in Thailand and South Korea. King Prajadhipok’s Institute Journal, 15(2), 49–69. https://so06.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/kpi_journal/article/view/244102
Ishii, Y., & Ogawa, K. (2024). An Analysis of School-Based Management on Learning Achievement in Senegal Primary Education. Educational Process International Journal, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.22521/edupij.2024.132.5
Johnson, D. W., & Johnson R. (1989). Cooperation and competition: Theory and research. Edina, MN: Interaction Book Company.
Khattri, N., Ling, C., & Jha, S. (2010). The effects of school-based management in the Philippines: an initial assessment using administrative data. Journal of Development Effectiveness, 4, 277 - 295. https://doi.org/10.1080/19439342.2012.692389
Lakein, A (1973) How to get control of your time & your life: New American Library, New York
Lewin, K. (1947) Frontiers in Group Dynamics: Concept, Method and Reality in Social Science; Social Equilibria and Social Change. Human Relations, 1(1), pp. 5–41.
Maca, M. N. (2019). School-Based Management in the Philippines: Fostering Innovations in the Public Education System. Romblon State University Research Journal, 2(1), 35–59. https://doi.org/10.58780/rsurj.v2i1.10
Mahinay, R. B., Manla, E., & Baylon, C. (2025). School-Based Management Practices and Academic Performance: Evidence from Philippine Schools. International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research. https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i01.36693
Mendoza, J. R. A., & De Jesus, L. (2024). School management and leadership in the contemporary state of education system in the Philippines. Pantao (International Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences). https://doi.org/10.69651/pijhss030305
Merced, C. E., & Ravana, L. L. (2026). Decision-Making and School-Based Management Involvement of Teachers in Olongapo City Public Elementary Schools. Advanced Social Science in Research Journal. https://doi.org/10.11594/assrj.01.02.02
Morgan, G. (2006). Images of Organization. Sage Publications.
Osea, E. A. (2022). Issues and challenges in the implementation of school-based management: Bases for policy recommendation. International Education Trend Issues, 1(1), 30–39. https://doi.org/10.56442/ieti.v1i1.93
Patalinghug, J. E. V. (2023). Journey towards School-Based Management (SBM) peaks: A traversal into SBM leaders' grassroots experiences [Completed thesis]. Department of Education. https://e-saliksik.deped.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/XI_2023_Patalinghug_Journey-Towards-School-Based-Management-SBM-Peaks-A-Traversal-into-SBM-Leaders-Grassroots-Experiences-1.pdf
Pepugal, E. T. (2022). Levels of Perception on School-Based Management Implementation in San Luis National High School, Philippines. American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation, 1(4), 26–34. https://doi.org/10.54536/ajmri.v1i4.516
Sigit Gesang Permana, R., & Zahrotun Rodiah, S. (2022). Implementation of School-Based Management. MindSet : Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 1(1), 76–85. https://doi.org/10.58561/mindset.v1i1.30
Rabeje, D., & Espiritu, D. (2025). The Effects of School-Based Management Implementation on Academic Performance of Public Secondary Schools in Pasacao Districts, Division of Camarines Sur. Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal. https://doi.org/10.70838/pemj.480502
Rohma, S., Harapan, E., & Wardiah, D. (2020). The Influence of School-Based Management and Teacher’s Professionalism toward Teacher’s Performance. Journal of Social Work and Science Education, 1(1), 13–23. https://doi.org/10.52690/jswse.v1i1.6
Saputra, E., & Hartati, P. (2024). School-Based Management: A Literature Review of Its Implementation and Impact on School Organizational Effectiveness. PPSDP International Journal of Education, 3(2), 408–417. https://doi.org/10.59175/pijed.v3i2.330
Spillane, J. P. (2006). Distributed leadership. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
Straub, R., & Vilsmaier, U. (2020). Pathways to educational change revisited: Controversies and advances in the German teacher education system. Teaching and Teacher Education, 96, 103140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2020.103140
Suh, R. (2021). School based management. Education Research Starters | EBSCO Research. https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/education/school-based-management
Tan, C., Dimmock, C., & Walker, A. (2021). How school leadership practices relate to student outcomes: Insights from a three-level meta-analysis. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 52, 6 - 27. https://doi.org/10.1177/17411432211061445
Torregosa, L. F. M. (2023). Impact of school-based management (SBM) implementation on school's practices and performance: Addressing gaps in the implementation. International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Studies, 3(12), 173–198. https://www.ijams-bbp.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/12-IJAMS-DECEMBER-2023-173-198.pdf
Usoh, E. (2021). Institutionalisation of School Based Management. Proceedings of the 5th Asian Education Symposium 2020 (AES 2020). https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210715.035
Villanueva, J. S., & Cruz, R. A. O.-D. (2024). The Praxis of School-Based Management on Curriculum and Learning in the Philippines. International Journal of Social Sciences & Educational Studies, 6(2), 89-101. https://doi.org/10.23918/ijsses.v6i2p89
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Social Constructivism, Mind in Society. Harvard University Press.
Wibowo, S., Wangid, M. N., & Firdaus, F. M. (2025). The relevance of Vygotsky's constructivism learning theory with differentiated learning in primary schools. Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn), 19(1), 431–440. https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v19i1.21197
Ya, K., Giatman, M., Rizal, F., & Wulansari, R. (2020). Revisiting the School-Based Management Recent Studies. Pedagogi: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 20(2), 119-127. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24036/pedagogi.v20i2.897
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Research on Multidisciplinary Studies
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
